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Jean-Paul Sartre (1905 – 1989) was a French novelist, critic, philosopher, and playwright with more than fifty published works. Some of his most famous works include Les Mouches (The Flies) (Gallimard, 1943), L’Existentialisme est un humanisme (Existentialism is a Humanism) (Nagel, 1946), La Nausée (Nausea) (Gallimard, 1938), and Le Mur (The Wall and Other Stories) (Gallimard, 1938). He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1964.